During the witch hunts and trials of the 16th to 18th centuries, Malefica became a sort of archetype for the perceived threats of witchcraft. Accused witches were often interrogated and tortured to confess their alleged crimes, including consorting with Malefica or being part of her coven. The hysteria surrounding witchcraft led to the execution of thousands of people, mostly women, who were deemed to be followers of Malefica.