def fractional_knapsack(items, capacity): items.sort(key=lambda x: x.value / x.weight, reverse=True) total_value = 0 remaining = capacity for weight, value in items: if remaining <= 0: break take = min(remaining, weight) total_value += take * value / weight remaining -= take return total_value Objective : Build an optimal prefix-free binary code for data compression. Greedy Strategy : Use a priority queue to merge the two smallest nodes iteratively.