Cost and Operational Realities A good model is not just logically sound; it’s cost-aware. Snowflake charges for compute and storage differently from on-prem systems. Data modeling choices that seem elegant—heavy normalization, repeated joins, or frequent full-table scans—can be costly at cloud scale. Conversely, thoughtful denormalization or precomputation (materialized views, aggregated tables) can reduce compute and user wait time. PDFs may state high-level cost advice, but they seldom help teams build cost governance strategies: query monitoring, credit budgeting, or workload isolation.